The indigo bunting (Passerina cyanea) is a small songbird native to North America. Males are a brilliant blue color, while females are a more subdued brownish-gray. Indigo buntings are migratory birds, spending their winters in Central and South America and breeding in eastern and central North America. During the breeding season, males sing to attract mates and establish territory. They build their nests in dense shrubs or small trees, using grasses, bark, and other materials to construct a cup-shaped structure. Females lay 3-4 eggs, which they incubate for about two weeks. Both parents care for their young, feeding them a diet of insects and other small invertebrates. Indigo buntings are primarily insectivorous, but they also eat seeds and berries, particularly during the winter months. Their natural habitats include meadows, fields, and forest edges, where they can find a variety of food sources. They are also attracted to bird feeders, particularly those containing nyjer (thistle) seeds. While indigo buntings are not considered endangered, concerns have been raised about the impact of habitat loss and fragmentation on their populations. Conservation efforts include preserving and creating suitable habitats, promoting bird-friendly agricultural practices, and reducing the use of pesticides and other chemicals that may harm these and other bird species.